Anti-Vivisection Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1427 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Biology Essay Level High school Topics: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? According to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) Each year, more than 100 million animals†including mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birds†are killed in U.S. laboratories for biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing. In todays world where there are alternative methods available like human-based micro-dosing, in vitro technology, human-patient simulators, and computer modeling animal testing is no longer necessary and should be banned. Not only does it cause suffering on a massive scale to animals it can negatively affect humans because we do not have the same genetic makeup as the animals so the results can not always be trusted. While animal testing has been going on since the ancient times it has become extremely important to the United State during the 20th century after a mass poisoning was caused by a medication used to treat the streptococcal infection. This incident and ones like it led to the passing of the 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requiring safety testing of drugs on animals before they could be marketed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anti-Vivisection Society" essay for you Create order But even with the regulations incidents keep happening. For example, when the drug thalidomide was released it was marketed as a wonder drug for insomnia, cough, colds, and headaches and was found to also help stop morning sickness. The drug was prescribed to thousands of women and caused more than 10,000 children in 46 countries to be born with malformations or missing limbs. One technique that could replace animal testing is micro-dosing. This is a technique for studying the behavior of drugs in humans through the administration of doses so low they are unlikely to produce whole-body effects, but high enough to allow the cellular response to be studied. So essentially we could use this to test out products on ourselves through willing participants instead of animals which will give us more accurate results. Another technique that has become available in the last several years is in vitro testing. It has come a long way, especially for the cosmetic industry. In vitro testing which means laboratory tests that are used to diagnose diseases and monitor the clinical status of patients using samples of blood, cells, or other tissues obtained from a patient can be applied to the industry because we could test products on samples of our cells and tissues in order to see how they would affect our skin and bodies. Currently, the cosmetic industry is benefiting from a kind of in vitro testing called 3D reconstruction of human skin. An important advantage of this method is it allows for tests that can confirm the ingredients used in the products as well as whether they are toxic to us. The New England Anti-Vivisection Society is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to free animals from suffering and on their website, I found that: InVitro Internationals Corrositex (synthetic skin) can provide a chemical corrosivity determination in as little as 3 minutes to four hours, unlike animal testing that often takes two to four weeks. DakDak, an alternative test used to measure the effectiveness of sunscreens, was reported to do in days what it takes animal studies months to do, and estimates that it can test five or six products for less than half the cost to study a single product in animals. The traditional testing of chemicals using animals can take up to five years per substance and cost millions of dollars, while non-animal alternatives can test hundreds of chemicals in a week for a fraction of the cost. This shows that there are options available to the cosmetics industry to replace animal testing and the option are also a lot cheaper and faster which would allow more products to be tested and keep the industry moving forward with new products and new sources of income on top of the money they would be saving by switching to this method. A third technique is computer simulations. In heart drug research it has been shown that animal testing only has an accuracy rate of around 75% to 85% which cause a lot of drug withdrawals due to cardiovascular safety issues. But with a computer-simulated human research at the University of Oxford has a computer model that is 89% to 96% when it comes to predicting side effects caused by drugs, such as dangerous arrhythmias â€Å" where the heartbeat becomes irregular and can stop. It also has other advantages like reducing the number of animal experiments that occur in the early stages of testing new drugs and it also improves drug safety which then lowers the risk for real patient during the clinical trial and overall speeds up the whole process of drug development. Lastly, this can be used to target a certain population because some drugs can have side effects that are only harmful to that one population. For example someone with a specific genetic mutation or disease. Animals that are being tested on are exposed to awful conditions and experiments that are looked at as necessary but with the technology, we have available it seems like a barbaric act to put the animals through this. On PETAs website, they explained that animals are put through so much torture until they are just ultimately killed off when they are no longer of use. Before their deaths, some [animals] are forced to inhale toxic fumes, others are immobilized in restraint devices for hours, some have holes drilled into their skulls, and others have their skin burned off or their spinal cords crushed. In addition to the torment of the actual experiments, animals in laboratories are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them†they are confined to barren cages, socially isolated, and psychologically traumatized. The thinking, feeling animals who are used in experiments are treated like nothing more than disposable laboratory equipment. As you can see by the photos and the description of what the animals have to go through it really is a barbaric act that needs to be stopped. How would you feel if it was your family pet being tested on and having their skull drilled into? You would not like it and neither do the animals that are being tested on. A big problem with stopping animal testing is that China requires certain products to be tested on animals in order to be sold and while they did make some changes it is still required by law on many products. The products that are required to be tested on animals are any cosmetics made outside of China but are sold in mainland China and special use cosmetics made and sold in China. The products include sunscreens, deodorant, hair dyes, and many more. There are also some special cases where post-market testing is done and this can be done without the company knowledge and these tend to be done on ordinary products like makeup and perfume. And even on the products that are sold where it is not required by law, it ends up being in the companies choice whether they test on animals or not. On the other hand, some believe that animal testing is necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. On ProCon website, they stated that according to: The California Biomedical Research Association . . . nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals. Experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics. The polio vaccine, tested on animals, reduced the global occurrence of the disease from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 27 cases in 2016. So without animal testing, many lives would have been lost due to the diseases and virus present in our world. Also, the animals that are being tested on have shorter life spans they make better research subjects. An example is the lifespan of laboratory mice is 2-3 years so you can see the effects of genetic manipulation and treatments over there whole lifespan or multiple generations. Animal testing has also been helpful in saving species from extinction. For example, Koalas which have now been classified as endangered in some parts of Australia have been plagued by chlamydia. A new vaccine that is being tested on them has shown to slow the rate of infection and treat the beginning stage. Lastly, the benefits can also be reaped by the animals themselves because if vaccines had not been tested on animals, millions of animals would have died from rabies, distemper, feline leukemia, infectious hepatitis virus, tetanus, anthrax, and canine parvovirus.

Review Of Genesis A Novel Written By Bernard Beckett

Influences mold ideas and ideas craft one s mind. Ideas cannot remain constant in reason since influences are frequently reproducing and changing them. Ideas are the building blocks of the mind. They are those good and bad minuscule orientations of the mind that affects one s actions and behaviors. Influences are those primary signals that trigger the production of ideas in the mind. Without influences, there would be no mind. No mind means one cannot make decisions hence any evolvement in character. Genesis, a novel written by Bernard Beckett follows a young girl, Anaximander s examination for the Academy which reveals her society s history beginning with Adam Forde and Art. Art is an incomplete programmed android who is put in a†¦show more content†¦His shining hands closed around Adam s neck. Adam nodded... Art squeezed the life from his human companion. Art is going against his set program to pursue what he feels is right. He learns this from Adam after he explained his reason of being incarcerated. Adam was captivated because he tried to rescue a foreign girl instead of killing her like he was supposed to. He did not abide the society s norm and decided to follow his heart over his mind, even after knowing the consequences. Art was definitely influenced by Adam since he did the same thing, but in a different application. Beckett exemplifies how even a machine has a brain of its own. Even though Art states the Idea resides as independent in one’s mind (pages 95 – 96), he would have never thought of going against his program without the interference of an outside influence. He even stated, â€Å"I’m not programming you. Yes, you are. Through my interactions with others, I learn who I am†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Beckett 74) Art is programmed to learn from others therefore make decisions of his own. He is not a machine stored with intelligence. He will constantly pick up ideas and advance his thinking. Art learned to view a different spect rum of a situation through communicating and spending time with Adam Forde. Adam not only impacted Art, but also others such as Anaximander, in short, Anax. Anax was always enlightened by the history of Adam Forde to the point where she considers him, her role model. She is

Samsung Smart Fridge Business to Business Marketing Plan

Samsung Smart Fridge Marketing Plan Prepared by: Elizaveta Chernova Susanne Pfisterer Kelly Seawell Semih Yilmaz CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARYÂ…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 MISSION STATEMENTÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...5 CURRENT MARKET POSITIONÂ….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…....5-9 Product Target Market Analysis Place Price Promotion Processes Physical Evidence MARKET OVERVIEW.Â…..Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…....9-10 Description Laws and Regulations Current Business Trends SWOT ANALYSISÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…10-13 Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Key Issues Key Opportunities Competitor Analysis ASSUMPTIONSÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..13 Sales Revenue Customer Base OBJECTIVESÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...13-15 ANSOFFS†¦show more content†¦In order to create a smooth entrance into the market Samsung will begin their sale interactions with one company or restaurant at a time and not by creating a partnership. Samsung can provide these consumers with evidence of why they are the number one consumer electronics brand in the world market and this will provide larger businesses with reason to be interested in creating a partnership with Samsung. In the marketing area of hotels, the six hotels listed in the chart above constitute for almost 65% of the total market. According to surveys, big companies are searching for better technology to make their business processes more profitable. That is the goal of Samsungs Smart Fridge, so once it is noticed in the industry, Samsung will market their products primarily to this group of hotels. What holds true for the hotel industry is also found in the restaurant chain industry. A small number of companies hold control of the market. The three chains listed in the chart above (McDonalds, Burger King and KFC) control almost the entire restaurant chain industry. Each company has chains all over the world, which could potentially open up infinite possibilities for Samsung if able to create a partnership with one of these chains. The competition in this area will be extremely tight though due to the small numbers of market controllers. After gathering the information regarding the targetShow MoreRelatedCognitive Based And Affective Based Attitude Towards The Samsung Family Hub Smart Fridge1691 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction: The aim of this project is to evaluate cognitive-based and affective-based attitude towards the Samsung Family Hub Smart Fridge. Information is collected from the selected marketing stimuli for evaluation. Discussing these two attitudes, effectiveness of strategies the company used is evaluated. This essay includes my actual attitude towards product. In final part, recommendations are made. 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The marketing strategy of all have to analyzed and a model is to be drawn suggesting the company how to increase market share of stabilizers The research was important with a perspective of creating and developing new horizons of marketing. The new horizons can be developed with a preview of newly developed project along with the developing projects by doing a potential analysis of company’s marketing and its competitorsRead MoreAtlassian6985 Words   |  28 PagesUniversity of South Australia, Olga Muzychenko, University of Adelaide and Sam Burshtein, Swinburne University of Technology prepared this case solely as the basis for class discussion, rather than to illustrate an effective or ineffective handling of a business situation. The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Carl Hedberg of Babson College who collected the interview and other data in 2006. In late February 2009, Mike Cannon-Brookes and Scott Farquhar, co-founders of Atlassian SoftwareRead MoreConsumer Lifestyle in Singapore35714 Words   |  143 PagesWei Zheng, a Singapore-based economist at Citigroup, added in a recent article in Bloomberg Business   Ã¢â‚¬Å"You   cannot   depend   on   domestic   demand   to   offset   the   drag   from   the   external   sector    whereas most of the other Asian economies arguably can. Singapore is more   exposed   to   what’s    happening   in   developed   countries†. Putting   Singapore’s   reliance   on   exports   into   context,   Bloomberg   Business   noted   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Singapore,    located at the southern end of the 965-kilometer   Malacca   Strait   and

Dbq Social Reform Antebellum free essay sample

DBQ As the Second Great Awakening sprung up in Antebellum America during the early 1800s, a time of new ideas and change came upon the nation. The religious revival promoted emotionalism in Americans, sparking a chain of social reforms. These reforms sought to shape the moralities of Americans and gain liberty for those in need of itexpanding democratic ideals. In political aspects, major reforms such as the abolition movement and the womens movement aspired to lawfully gain natural rights such as suffrage and civil rights. Economically, several reforms were rooted in hopes of achieving economic stability in American families. Furthermore, the ultimate goal of all these movements was to create a humanized and fair society. The reforms following the 2nd great awakening sought to expand democratic ideals in political aspects by fighting for political justice for Americans. For instance, the womens movement began after the female community, caught up in the fervor of the awakening, realized they too could purify the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq Social Reform Antebellum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Several leaders began to emerge such as Susan B Anthony, Catharine Beecher, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. These women sought to gain womens suffrage, freedom from their male spouses, rights to work and to be educated, rights to property, and representation in the government which they had taxed to support. In 1848, they specifically stated their motives for reform at Seneca Falls, NY in their Declaration of Sentiments (doc. I). The womens rights movement sought for liberty and justice for women, both major components of democratic ideals. The womens movement slowly faded   as the overpowering abolition movement came into focus. Economically, social reforms during the antebellum era aimed to create economic stability and equality. For example, the temperance movement was a female led reform to end alcoholic drinking. Socially, reforms supported democratic ideals by seeking a   humane and civilized society.

Black White by The Maine free essay sample

The Maine happens to be my favorite band for those who didnt know. Their newest album came out on July 13th, 2010. It was their ssecond full length album they released. Ive listened to it probably more times than I can count. Its my favorite cd that theyve ever released. What makes it so special is that each song has meaning behind it, even if its just a fun song such as, Give It To Me. Another great thing about the album is it comes with to acoustic songs included if you bought the digital copy. Inside of You was a single let out in early May and became a big hit, along with Growing Up. I give this album good reviews for multiple reasons. One of the reasons is you can tell they put a lot of time and effort into making this cd special and different from others. We will write a custom essay sample on Black White by The Maine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They try to make their sound appealing to everyone, they add certain twists in whatever their playing. In my opinion its just good music. Its full of heart and soul, when you listen to it, you dont just think Oh, I guess their okay.. You think, THIS BAND IS AWESOME. Theyve gotten me through more hard times then anyone or any other band. Without them knowing it, they have been there for me from the start. Im inspired by the way they try and do the best they can, even if they dont know whats in store for them. This record had so much work put into it and I think their deserve every ounce of positive attention they get.

Biography of Steve Wozniak, Apple Computer Co-Founder

Biography of Steve Wozniak, Apple Computer Co-Founder Steve Wozniak (born Stephan Gary  Wozniak; August 11, 1950) is the co-founder of Apple Computer and is credited with being the main designer of the first Apples. A noted philanthropist who helped found the Electronic Frontier Foundation, Wozniak was the founding sponsor of the Tech Museum, the Silicon Valley Ballet, and the Children’s Discovery Museum of San Jose. Fast Facts: Steve Wozniak Known For: Apple Computer co-founder with Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne and the main designer of the first Apple computersBorn: August 11, 1950 in Los Gatos, CaliforniaEducation: Attended  De Anza College and the University of California, Berkeley; awarded a degree from Berkeley in 1986Spouse(s): Alice Robertson (m. 1976–1980), Candice Clark (m. 1981–1987), Suzanne Mulkern (m. 1990–2004), Janet Hill (m. 2008)Foundations Started: Apple Computer, Inc., Electronic Freedom FrontierAwards and Honors: National Medal of Technology, Heinz Award for Technology, The Economy and Employment, Inventors Hall of Fame inducteeChildren: 3 Early Life Wozniak (known as the Woz) was born on August 11, 1950, in Los Gatos, California, and grew up in the Santa Clara Valley, now known as Silicon Valley. Wozniaks father was an engineer for Lockheed and always inspired his sons curiosity for learning with a few science fair projects. He gave Steve his first crystal set at the age of 6. Wozniak got his ham radio license in the sixth grade and built an adder/subtractor machine to calculate binary arithmetic in the eighth grade. As a young man, Wozniak was a bit of a prankster/genius and wrote his first programs in his own version of FORTRAN at the University of Colorado but was put on probation for computer abuse- essentially, he spent the computing budget for the whole class five times over. He designed his first computer called the Cream Soda Computer, which was comparable to the Altair, by the time he was 18. He began courses at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was introduced to Steve Jobs by a mutual friend. Jobs, still in high school and four years younger, would become Wozniaks best friend and business partner. Their first project together was the Blue Box, which allowed the user to make long-distance phone calls for free; Wozniak himself thinks he should be remembered by posterity for running the first dial-a-joke service in the San Francisco Bay area. Early Career and Research In 1973, Wozniak dropped out of college to begin designing calculators at Hewlett Packard, but he continued to work on side projects. One of those projects would become the Apple-I. Wozniak built the first design for the Apple-I in his office at Hewlett Packard; he worked closely with an informal users group known as the Homebrew Computer Club, sharing schematics and giving away his code. Jobs had no input into the original build but was the visionary of the project, discussing enhancements and coming up with some investment money. They signed partnership papers on April 1, 1976, and began selling the Apple-I at $666 per computer. That same year, Wozniak began to design the Apple-II. In 1977, the Apple-II was revealed to the public at the West Coast Computer Faire. It was an astonishing success, even at the very steep price of $1,298, selling 100,000 units in three years. Jobs opened their first business office at Cupertino and Wozniak finally quit his job at H-P.  Wozniak has been credited by everyone, including Steve Jobs, as the main designer on the Apple I and Apple II. The Apple II was the first commercially successful line of personal computers, featuring a central processing unit, a keyboard, color graphics, and a floppy disk drive. Leaving Apple On February 7, 1981, Wozniak crashed his single-engine aircraft in Scotts Valley, California, an event that caused Wozniak to temporarily lose his memory. On a deeper level, it certainly changed his life. After the accident, Wozniak left Apple and returned to Berkeley to finish his degree in electrical engineering/computer science- but dropped out again because he found the curriculum confining. He was awarded a bachelors degree anyway in 1986 and has since been awarded numerous degrees from institutions such as Kettering and Michigan State University. Wozniak did return to work for Apple for a brief period between 1983 and 1985. During that time, he greatly influenced the design of the Apple Macintosh computer, the first successful home computer with a mouse-driven graphical interface. He still has a ceremonial role in the company, saying, I keep a tiny residual salary to this day because thats where my loyalty should be forever. He founded the UNUSON (Unite Us In Song) corporation and put on two rock festivals. The enterprise lost money. In 1990, he joined Mitchell Kapor in establishing the Electronic Frontier Foundation,  the leading nonprofit organization defending civil liberties in the digital world. In 1987, he created the first universal remote. In 2007, Wozniak published his autobiography, iWoz: From Computer Geek to Cult Icon, which was on the best seller list of The New York Times. Between 2009 and 2014, he was hired as chief scientist for Fusion-io, Inc., a computer hardware and software company that was acquired by SanDisk Corporation. He was later the chief scientist at the data virtualization company Primary Data, which shut down in 2018. Marriage and Family Steve Wozniak has been married four times, to Alice Robertson (m. 1976–1980), Candice Clark (m. 1981–1987), Suzanne Mulkern (m. 1990–2004), and currently Janet Hill (m. 2008). He has three children, all from his marriage with Candice Clark. Awards Wozniak was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Ronald Reagan in 1985, the highest honor bestowed on America’s leading innovators. In 2000, he was inducted into the Inventors Hall of Fame and was awarded the prestigious Heinz Award for Technology, The Economy and Employment for â€Å"single-handedly designing the first personal computer and for then redirecting his lifelong passion for mathematics and electronics toward lighting the fires of excitement for education in grade school students and their teachers. Sources Kubilay, Ibrahim Atakan. The Founding of Apple and the Reasons Behind Its Success. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 (2015): 2019–28. Print.Linzmayer, Owen W. Apple Confidential 2.0. San Francisco, California: No Starch Press, 2004. Print.Love, Dylan. 8 Reasons Why Woz Still Matters. Tech. Business Insider September 3 2013. Web.Owad, Tom. Chapter 1- the History of the Apple I. Apple I Replica Creation: Back to the Garage. Burlington: Syngress, 2005. 1–22. Print.Stix, Harriet. A UC Berkeley Degree Is Now the Apple of Steve Wozniaks Eye. Los Angeles Times, May 14, 1986. Web.Wozniak, Steve, and Gina Smith. iWoz: Computer Geek to Cult Icon. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2006. Print.

The European Union is very much in the news today, especially with the Research Paper

The European Union is very much in the news today, especially with the potential of the Euro to collapse. But as you now know fr - Research Paper Example Similarly, the European Union economic growth provides countries with a crucial framework for competing efficiently on the world market and containing the effects of the EU economic crisis. This discussion seeks to establish the role of economic growth in the overall European projects. Discussion The original objective of the European project was to enhance the overall economic productivity of the European countries as fragile, minority nations had changed to be increasingly competitive. Similarly, the launching of the common currency (euro) was a fundamental move in the unification of European nations, (Cline and Guntram 52). Similarly, it has been a key achievement in that about 330 million European Union populations utilize it as their currency and benefit from its advantages. Unfortunately, with the current potential of Euro collapse the economic and financial stability of the European Union is at stake. Experts agree that the European project was not created on the notion of res tricted economic growth. The guiding principle was to, at the end, gain unity by integrating various facets of EU life together to combat conflict and ensure socioeconomic growth. Unfortunately, with the current condition, it is impossible to assume how appears to dwarf all other EU concerns. Therefore, it is clear that economic growth has an influential function to play in the prosperity and success of the overall European project. The European-broad free economic struggle should be offset by the wider unification of Europe. The economic growth has crucial tangible advantages for citizens of Europe, for instance, when European countries fall victim of global challenges such as, floods and related natural calamities, they get financial help from the European Union economic budget. Similarly, the structural Funds, controlled by the EU commission, motivate and supplement the European Union regional and national powers efforts to reduce economic disparities between diverse regions of E urope. Financial resources (funds) European Union budget and loans from banks (European Investment Banks) are utilized to expand the transport infrastructure in Europe (for instance, to expand the motorways networks and promote high-speed railways), therefore, facilitating an extensive access to remote areas and promoting trans-Europe transactions. The economic success of the European Union will be determined, partly, by the capacity of a crucial market of about less than one billion customers to advantage various businesses and citizens. Economic stability of EU project is crucial because it promotes economic development that results to prosperity and creation of job opportunities, and is a profound goal enshrined in the economic and monetary management of the European Union, as well as the Euro. For instance, under that Monetary and Economic union, the European countries closely organize their domestic policies with the main aim of sustaining economic growth. Similarly, the EU cen tral bank coordinated a unique monetary policy aimed at contained reduced inflations in the euro zone, (Woolcock 75). Low inflation and a firm economy help in creating a crucial atmosphere for sustainable future growth that is beneficial to the members of European unions and their populations. Strong economic basis helps the monetary and economic unions of the European Union to maintain their administration, and insufficiencies under certain limits based on the Stability