Anti-Vivisection Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1427 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Biology Essay Level High school Topics: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? According to People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) Each year, more than 100 million animals†including mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birds†are killed in U.S. laboratories for biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing. In todays world where there are alternative methods available like human-based micro-dosing, in vitro technology, human-patient simulators, and computer modeling animal testing is no longer necessary and should be banned. Not only does it cause suffering on a massive scale to animals it can negatively affect humans because we do not have the same genetic makeup as the animals so the results can not always be trusted. While animal testing has been going on since the ancient times it has become extremely important to the United State during the 20th century after a mass poisoning was caused by a medication used to treat the streptococcal infection. This incident and ones like it led to the passing of the 1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act requiring safety testing of drugs on animals before they could be marketed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Anti-Vivisection Society" essay for you Create order But even with the regulations incidents keep happening. For example, when the drug thalidomide was released it was marketed as a wonder drug for insomnia, cough, colds, and headaches and was found to also help stop morning sickness. The drug was prescribed to thousands of women and caused more than 10,000 children in 46 countries to be born with malformations or missing limbs. One technique that could replace animal testing is micro-dosing. This is a technique for studying the behavior of drugs in humans through the administration of doses so low they are unlikely to produce whole-body effects, but high enough to allow the cellular response to be studied. So essentially we could use this to test out products on ourselves through willing participants instead of animals which will give us more accurate results. Another technique that has become available in the last several years is in vitro testing. It has come a long way, especially for the cosmetic industry. In vitro testing which means laboratory tests that are used to diagnose diseases and monitor the clinical status of patients using samples of blood, cells, or other tissues obtained from a patient can be applied to the industry because we could test products on samples of our cells and tissues in order to see how they would affect our skin and bodies. Currently, the cosmetic industry is benefiting from a kind of in vitro testing called 3D reconstruction of human skin. An important advantage of this method is it allows for tests that can confirm the ingredients used in the products as well as whether they are toxic to us. The New England Anti-Vivisection Society is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to free animals from suffering and on their website, I found that: InVitro Internationals Corrositex (synthetic skin) can provide a chemical corrosivity determination in as little as 3 minutes to four hours, unlike animal testing that often takes two to four weeks. DakDak, an alternative test used to measure the effectiveness of sunscreens, was reported to do in days what it takes animal studies months to do, and estimates that it can test five or six products for less than half the cost to study a single product in animals. The traditional testing of chemicals using animals can take up to five years per substance and cost millions of dollars, while non-animal alternatives can test hundreds of chemicals in a week for a fraction of the cost. This shows that there are options available to the cosmetics industry to replace animal testing and the option are also a lot cheaper and faster which would allow more products to be tested and keep the industry moving forward with new products and new sources of income on top of the money they would be saving by switching to this method. A third technique is computer simulations. In heart drug research it has been shown that animal testing only has an accuracy rate of around 75% to 85% which cause a lot of drug withdrawals due to cardiovascular safety issues. But with a computer-simulated human research at the University of Oxford has a computer model that is 89% to 96% when it comes to predicting side effects caused by drugs, such as dangerous arrhythmias â€Å" where the heartbeat becomes irregular and can stop. It also has other advantages like reducing the number of animal experiments that occur in the early stages of testing new drugs and it also improves drug safety which then lowers the risk for real patient during the clinical trial and overall speeds up the whole process of drug development. Lastly, this can be used to target a certain population because some drugs can have side effects that are only harmful to that one population. For example someone with a specific genetic mutation or disease. Animals that are being tested on are exposed to awful conditions and experiments that are looked at as necessary but with the technology, we have available it seems like a barbaric act to put the animals through this. On PETAs website, they explained that animals are put through so much torture until they are just ultimately killed off when they are no longer of use. Before their deaths, some [animals] are forced to inhale toxic fumes, others are immobilized in restraint devices for hours, some have holes drilled into their skulls, and others have their skin burned off or their spinal cords crushed. In addition to the torment of the actual experiments, animals in laboratories are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them†they are confined to barren cages, socially isolated, and psychologically traumatized. The thinking, feeling animals who are used in experiments are treated like nothing more than disposable laboratory equipment. As you can see by the photos and the description of what the animals have to go through it really is a barbaric act that needs to be stopped. How would you feel if it was your family pet being tested on and having their skull drilled into? You would not like it and neither do the animals that are being tested on. A big problem with stopping animal testing is that China requires certain products to be tested on animals in order to be sold and while they did make some changes it is still required by law on many products. The products that are required to be tested on animals are any cosmetics made outside of China but are sold in mainland China and special use cosmetics made and sold in China. The products include sunscreens, deodorant, hair dyes, and many more. There are also some special cases where post-market testing is done and this can be done without the company knowledge and these tend to be done on ordinary products like makeup and perfume. And even on the products that are sold where it is not required by law, it ends up being in the companies choice whether they test on animals or not. On the other hand, some believe that animal testing is necessary for many reasons. Animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. On ProCon website, they stated that according to: The California Biomedical Research Association . . . nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals. Experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics. The polio vaccine, tested on animals, reduced the global occurrence of the disease from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 27 cases in 2016. So without animal testing, many lives would have been lost due to the diseases and virus present in our world. Also, the animals that are being tested on have shorter life spans they make better research subjects. An example is the lifespan of laboratory mice is 2-3 years so you can see the effects of genetic manipulation and treatments over there whole lifespan or multiple generations. Animal testing has also been helpful in saving species from extinction. For example, Koalas which have now been classified as endangered in some parts of Australia have been plagued by chlamydia. A new vaccine that is being tested on them has shown to slow the rate of infection and treat the beginning stage. Lastly, the benefits can also be reaped by the animals themselves because if vaccines had not been tested on animals, millions of animals would have died from rabies, distemper, feline leukemia, infectious hepatitis virus, tetanus, anthrax, and canine parvovirus.

Review Of Genesis A Novel Written By Bernard Beckett

Influences mold ideas and ideas craft one s mind. Ideas cannot remain constant in reason since influences are frequently reproducing and changing them. Ideas are the building blocks of the mind. They are those good and bad minuscule orientations of the mind that affects one s actions and behaviors. Influences are those primary signals that trigger the production of ideas in the mind. Without influences, there would be no mind. No mind means one cannot make decisions hence any evolvement in character. Genesis, a novel written by Bernard Beckett follows a young girl, Anaximander s examination for the Academy which reveals her society s history beginning with Adam Forde and Art. Art is an incomplete programmed android who is put in a†¦show more content†¦His shining hands closed around Adam s neck. Adam nodded... Art squeezed the life from his human companion. Art is going against his set program to pursue what he feels is right. He learns this from Adam after he explained his reason of being incarcerated. Adam was captivated because he tried to rescue a foreign girl instead of killing her like he was supposed to. He did not abide the society s norm and decided to follow his heart over his mind, even after knowing the consequences. Art was definitely influenced by Adam since he did the same thing, but in a different application. Beckett exemplifies how even a machine has a brain of its own. Even though Art states the Idea resides as independent in one’s mind (pages 95 – 96), he would have never thought of going against his program without the interference of an outside influence. He even stated, â€Å"I’m not programming you. Yes, you are. Through my interactions with others, I learn who I am†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Beckett 74) Art is programmed to learn from others therefore make decisions of his own. He is not a machine stored with intelligence. He will constantly pick up ideas and advance his thinking. Art learned to view a different spect rum of a situation through communicating and spending time with Adam Forde. Adam not only impacted Art, but also others such as Anaximander, in short, Anax. Anax was always enlightened by the history of Adam Forde to the point where she considers him, her role model. She is

Samsung Smart Fridge Business to Business Marketing Plan

Samsung Smart Fridge Marketing Plan Prepared by: Elizaveta Chernova Susanne Pfisterer Kelly Seawell Semih Yilmaz CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARYÂ…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 MISSION STATEMENTÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...5 CURRENT MARKET POSITIONÂ….Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…....5-9 Product Target Market Analysis Place Price Promotion Processes Physical Evidence MARKET OVERVIEW.Â…..Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…....9-10 Description Laws and Regulations Current Business Trends SWOT ANALYSISÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…10-13 Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Key Issues Key Opportunities Competitor Analysis ASSUMPTIONSÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..13 Sales Revenue Customer Base OBJECTIVESÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...13-15 ANSOFFS†¦show more content†¦In order to create a smooth entrance into the market Samsung will begin their sale interactions with one company or restaurant at a time and not by creating a partnership. Samsung can provide these consumers with evidence of why they are the number one consumer electronics brand in the world market and this will provide larger businesses with reason to be interested in creating a partnership with Samsung. In the marketing area of hotels, the six hotels listed in the chart above constitute for almost 65% of the total market. According to surveys, big companies are searching for better technology to make their business processes more profitable. That is the goal of Samsungs Smart Fridge, so once it is noticed in the industry, Samsung will market their products primarily to this group of hotels. What holds true for the hotel industry is also found in the restaurant chain industry. A small number of companies hold control of the market. The three chains listed in the chart above (McDonalds, Burger King and KFC) control almost the entire restaurant chain industry. Each company has chains all over the world, which could potentially open up infinite possibilities for Samsung if able to create a partnership with one of these chains. The competition in this area will be extremely tight though due to the small numbers of market controllers. After gathering the information regarding the targetShow MoreRelatedCognitive Based And Affective Based Attitude Towards The Samsung Family Hub Smart Fridge1691 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction: The aim of this project is to evaluate cognitive-based and affective-based attitude towards the Samsung Family Hub Smart Fridge. Information is collected from the selected marketing stimuli for evaluation. Discussing these two attitudes, effectiveness of strategies the company used is evaluated. This essay includes my actual attitude towards product. In final part, recommendations are made. 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Dbq Social Reform Antebellum free essay sample

DBQ As the Second Great Awakening sprung up in Antebellum America during the early 1800s, a time of new ideas and change came upon the nation. The religious revival promoted emotionalism in Americans, sparking a chain of social reforms. These reforms sought to shape the moralities of Americans and gain liberty for those in need of itexpanding democratic ideals. In political aspects, major reforms such as the abolition movement and the womens movement aspired to lawfully gain natural rights such as suffrage and civil rights. Economically, several reforms were rooted in hopes of achieving economic stability in American families. Furthermore, the ultimate goal of all these movements was to create a humanized and fair society. The reforms following the 2nd great awakening sought to expand democratic ideals in political aspects by fighting for political justice for Americans. For instance, the womens movement began after the female community, caught up in the fervor of the awakening, realized they too could purify the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq Social Reform Antebellum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Several leaders began to emerge such as Susan B Anthony, Catharine Beecher, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. These women sought to gain womens suffrage, freedom from their male spouses, rights to work and to be educated, rights to property, and representation in the government which they had taxed to support. In 1848, they specifically stated their motives for reform at Seneca Falls, NY in their Declaration of Sentiments (doc. I). The womens rights movement sought for liberty and justice for women, both major components of democratic ideals. The womens movement slowly faded   as the overpowering abolition movement came into focus. Economically, social reforms during the antebellum era aimed to create economic stability and equality. For example, the temperance movement was a female led reform to end alcoholic drinking. Socially, reforms supported democratic ideals by seeking a   humane and civilized society.